完整学习平台
整个学期，都放在一个地方。
把你的课程材料或一个主题，变成课程、闪卡和练习题。 规划你的学习时间，在一个地方写论文、做演示。
免费开始学习
也可在 iPhone、iPad 和 Android 上使用。 App Store · Google Play
连续学习 12 天184,220AM
你的桌面
晚上好，Amara
继续学习 · 第 4 章 · 神经系统8 章中的第 3 章
今天的计划
闪卡 · 心血管系统24 卡片
练习 · 二次方程逐步
播客 · 内分泌系统18 分钟
你的课程
生物学 101
人体解剖学 · 秋季
82%
PSY 2301 · 第二次期中考试
认知与记忆
距离考试还有 12 天有机化学
第 6 章 · 烯烃
继续课程
使用方式
从一堆 PDF 到考试前的全准备状态。
01
添加学习材料
上传 PDF、文档、链接，或粘贴文本，然后选择每次学习覆盖的具体页码，这样永远不会跑题。
02
告诉我们你有多少时间
选择你有空学习的日子，以及你想完成的日期。
03
跟着计划学
Tandral 会为你生成每日学习计划，直到截止日期。
在手机上
无论你一天走到哪，都能随时学习。
一个账号，支持 iPhone、iPad 和 Android。这里的所有内容都能放进口袋。
9:41
播客18分钟
血糖调节
Alex 和 Sam · 内分泌系统
2:1418:02
1515
文字稿
Alex所以胰岛素和胰高血糖素做的事正好相反。为什么同一个数值还要用两个激素？
Sam因为把数值降下来和再把它拉回去，是两个不同的问题。
9:4111月12日 星期二
血糖调节Tandral · 播客
9:41
心血管系统7 / 24
问题
哪个心腔把血液泵入主动脉？
点击翻面答案
左心室，四个心腔中壁最厚。
没记住记住了
首页聊天笔记日历
9:41
内分泌系统3 / 10
第3题 · 判断题
胰岛素会升高血糖。
对错
首页聊天笔记日历
你的学习工具
你学习的每一种方式，都在一个地方。
从课程材料或某个主题开始，或者自己制作学习资源。
课程
根据你的资料生成课程，按章节逐一学习，每节后都有测验。
闪卡
根据课程材料创建闪卡，或者自己编写。
练习
分步骤解决题目。可输入、绘图、手写数学或代码，每一步都有反馈。
测试
用测验或限时模拟考试测试自己，并获得答案反馈。
思维导图
查看根据你的资料生成的思维导图，了解各个想法如何关联，或者自己绘制。
视频课程
把课程材料变成带语音讲解和字幕的视频课程。
摘要
获得详细摘要，或包含关键要点的简短版本。
音频
听播客、口头回答问题、讨论一个主题，或把内容再讲一遍。
论文
在写作时规划论文、改进措辞，并添加引用。
聊天
向你的课程材料提问并获得解释。
演示文稿
在完整编辑器中根据你的资料制作幻灯片。可导出到 PowerPoint。
学习计划器
根据你的材料和学习日期获取每日学习计划。
课程
一章一章，学懂你的课程。
上传你的课程材料，或者选择一个主题。阅读或收听清晰易懂的课程内容，然后用简短小测验检查自己的理解。
- 预览章节。 开始前先看看这节课会讲什么。
- 把重点放在最关键的地方。 可将课程聚焦到一个主题，或告诉它在哪些内容上多花时间。
- 每节课后都有随堂测验。 几道快速问题，让你学完每章都心里有数。
第 4 章 · 神经系统
约6分钟阅读你的神经系统传递信息的方式，就像校园里学生的流动：沿着固定路线，借助优先通道。每个信号都要经过称为神经元的细胞，再通过称为突触的小间隙传到下一个细胞。
图4.1 · 一条神经元的完整结构
被髓鞘包裹的轴突，传导信号的速度可比裸露轴突快30倍。髓鞘受损时，信号会减慢或停止，这就是为什么第84页的图示值得记住。
你的笔记
她说这个每年都会考：要写出间隙的名称，不只是细胞。
只有当足够多的信号同时到达时，它们才会跨过这个间隙。低于那个阈值，什么都不会发生，所以这种反应叫做全或无。
笔记有髓鞘的轴突像优先通道，信号不是一路爬过去，而是从一个节点跳到下一个节点。
小测验
1. 受损的髓鞘会加快信号传导。
2. 以下哪些因素能加快轴突中的信号传导？
把题做出来
一道题，一步一步来。
练习数学、化学、物理和编程中的题目。每做一步，都会得到反馈。
- 按你的方式作答。 可以输入、手写、写公式，或者写代码。
- 看步骤反馈，不只看结果。 你能看到问题出在哪一步，而不只是知道错了。
- 卡住也没关系。 可以看示例，或请求解释。
一个直角三角形的两条直角边分别是 3 厘米和 4 厘米。斜边多长？
1. 三个边之间是什么关系？
示例
在 5-12-13 三角形中：5² + 12² = 13²
数学
a² + b² = c²
不太对。先平方两条直角边：3² 和 4²，不是 3 和 4。
a² + b² = c²
2. 把两条直角边填进去。
示例
边长为 5 和 12 时：5² + 12² = 13²
数学
3² + 4² = c²
不太对。先平方两条直角边：3² 和 4²，不是 3 和 4。
3² + 4² = c²
3. 画出来，并标出斜边。
示例
斜边是与直角相对的那条边。
画图
不太对。先平方两条直角边：3² 和 4²，不是 3 和 4。
测测自己
用测验和模拟考试做好准备。
用课程内容测试自己。选择测验，或选择带反馈的计时模拟考试。
判断题选择题单选题简答题长答题解题案例分析还有更多
内分泌系统 · 结果
7/10第3题 · 判断题
胰岛素会提高血液中的葡萄糖浓度。
你的答案：对 · 正确答案：错
第6题 · 简答题
哪种激素会在两餐之间升高血糖？
你的答案：胰岛素 · 正确答案：胰高血糖素
第9题 · 选择题
胰腺里的胰岛素是在哪里生成的？
你：α细胞 · 正确：β细胞
复习错题
你错过的内容，会变成你下一步学习的内容。
利用测验结果，从你答错的内容开始学习、制作闪卡或练习，然后再测一次自己。
视频课程闪卡练习然后再测一次自己
根据你答错的内容生成10张中的3张
第3题 · 胰岛素和葡萄糖第6题 · 哪种激素会升高它第9题 · 胰岛素在哪里生成
课程已就绪 · 6分钟
两种激素，一个数值0:00 / 4:12
视频已就绪 · 4分钟
Q哪种激素会在两餐之间升高葡萄糖？
12张闪卡已就绪
说出两种激素2说明它们各自的作用3这里少了哪一种？
3道练习题已就绪
一起学习
视频通话里一起学习。
最多4人同一通话。把课程、测验或闪卡分享进去，一起学习。
四名学生在视频通话中。通话旁边是聊天区，一人分享课程，一人分享闪卡组，你分享测验，随后显示得分。
音频学习
听课程内容，出声回答问题。
播客
听两位主持人讲解你的课程内容。
AlexWelcome back. Today we’re talking about patient rights, the responsibilities that come with them, and some important issues involving privacy and health information.
SamI know the phrase patient rights, but I sometimes think of rights as just a list of things patients are allowed to ask for. Is there more to it?
AlexYes. A right is a claim or privilege that a person is legally or morally entitled to. Legal rights are written into laws, such as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Canada Health Act. Courts can enforce those rights.
SamAnd moral rights are different because they may not always be written in legislation?
AlexExactly. Moral rights are based on accepted social values and professional codes of ethics. For example, treating a patient with dignity is both an ethical expectation and, in some situations, a legal responsibility. A regulatory body, such as the College of Nurses of Ontario, may respond if a breach causes harm.
SamYou mentioned that rights come with obligations. What does that mean for nurses?
AlexIt means every right creates a corresponding responsibility. If patients have a right to privacy, nurses have a duty to protect their personal information. If patients have a right to understandable information, nurses have a responsibility to communicate clearly and support learning.
SamSo patient rights are not just ideas. They guide what health professionals must do.
AlexThat’s right. Major patient rights include respect and dignity, access to health information, confidentiality and privacy, safe care, discharge decisions, protection for vulnerable people, and informed consent.
SamLet’s start with respect and dignity. What does that look like in everyday nursing practice?
AlexIt means treating every person as worthy of respect, regardless of their illness, background, identity, or choices. A useful principle is: treat others as you would want to be treated. Nurses show respect through honesty, active listening, professionalism, confidentiality, and privacy.
SamDoes equal access fit under respect and dignity too?
AlexYes. Everyone should have equal access to health services and treatment. Respect also includes personal privacy. During an assessment, bath, examination, or procedure, the patient should be covered as much as possible and exposed only when necessary.
SamWhat about other people in the room, like students or visitors?
AlexUnauthorized people should not observe the patient’s care. And photographs must not be taken without permission, even if someone says the picture is for education. Educational purposes do not cancel the patient’s right to privacy.
SamThat seems like an important distinction. A clinical setting does not automatically mean everyone can see or record what happens.
AlexExactly. Privacy must be actively protected, not assumed.
SamWhat does access to health information involve?
AlexPatients have the right to access information in their health records and, when appropriate, request corrections or amendments. That can include their chart, test results, and bloodwork. Agencies and legislation guide the exact process.
SamSo patients may be able to view their information through an online portal, such as MyChart?
AlexYes. Many organizations provide secure online access. Nurses also have an educational role. They help patients and family members develop the knowledge and skills needed to care for themselves and to access the health-care system when help is needed.
SamI noticed an interesting question: does a patient have the right to receive a diagnosis from a nurse?
AlexPatients have a right to information about their health, but health professionals must communicate within their role and competence. A nurse should not interpret or disclose a diagnosis outside their scope or before the appropriate provider has explained it.
SamSo if a patient asks, ‘What did my scan show? Is my cancer back?’ the nurse should not guess or casually interpret the result.
AlexCorrect. The nurse can acknowledge the concern, explain what they can and cannot discuss, and connect the patient with the authorized health professional. For example: ‘I understand you’re worried. The provider will review the results with you, and I can help make sure you speak with them.’
SamThat protects the patient from receiving incomplete or inaccurate information.
AlexExactly. Access to information should be accurate, timely, understandable, and provided through the proper channels.
SamNow let’s connect this to confidentiality and privacy. Are those the same thing?
AlexThey are closely related, but not identical. Privacy is a person’s right to control access to themselves and their personal information. Confidentiality is the health professional’s duty to protect information learned while providing care.
SamWhat law governs this in Ontario?
AlexThe Personal Health Information Protection Act, commonly called PHIPA, enacted in 2004. It governs how personal health information is collected, stored, used, disclosed, retained, and disposed of in Ontario.
SamWhen we say the information belongs to the client but is housed by the facility, what does that mean?
AlexIt means the patient is the subject and owner of the personal health information, while the hospital or clinic stores and manages the record. The facility must protect the information and use it appropriately so care can be provided safely.
SamSo PHIPA balances two needs: protecting privacy and sharing enough information for safe care.
AlexPrecisely. For example, a nurse may need to share relevant information with members of the care team. But that does not mean the nurse can discuss the patient’s condition in a hallway, post about it online, or tell a curious friend.
SamAnd patients can control their consent regarding health information?
AlexYes. Clients generally have the right to give consent, refuse consent, or withdraw consent for the collection, use, or disclosure of their personal health information, subject to legal requirements and exceptions.
SamCan you give a simple example?
AlexA patient might agree that their information can be shared with the health-care team involved in treatment. They might refuse permission to share it with a particular person. They may also withdraw permission later. Nurses must follow the law, organizational policy, and professional standards when handling that request.
SamSo the key habit is to pause before sharing information and ask: who needs to know, why do they need it, and am I authorized to share it?
AlexThat is an excellent privacy check. Also remember that privacy includes physical space, conversations, records, electronic systems, and photographs.
SamLet me summarize. Patients have legal and moral rights, and health professionals have matching responsibilities. Patients deserve respect, dignity, privacy, safe care, access to their health information, and support in making informed decisions.
AlexWell said. Remember three especially important points: first, rights are connected to professional obligations. Second, patients should be treated with equal respect and protected from unnecessary exposure. Third, health information must be handled confidentially under laws such as PHIPA.
SamAnd when a patient asks about a diagnosis, the nurse should provide accurate information within their role, avoid guessing, and connect the patient with the appropriate provider.
AlexExactly. Understanding patient rights helps nurses provide care that is safe, ethical, respectful, and legally sound.
SamThat’s a helpful framework. Thanks for making the ideas practical.
AlexYou’re welcome. Keep asking who holds the right, what responsibility follows, and how your actions protect the patient.
打开声音，收听播客。
问我问题
大声回答问题，检查自己掌握得怎么样。
TandralI read your chapter on patient rights and health information privacy. Let us see what stayed with you. First question: for a consent to be valid, what four things must be true of it?
打开声音，听题目。
视频课程
把你的课程材料变成视频课程。
观看并收听基于你资料的讲解。跟着字幕看，或直接跳到需要的章节。
0:09 / 12:51
打开声音以收听讲解。
记住它
卡片会反复出现，直到你记住。
根据你的资料创建闪卡，或者自己编写。用颜色提示回忆答案，反复练习你答错的卡片。
- 聚焦卡组。 最多 40 张卡，还可以精准限定范围，比如“只学消化系统”。
- 重点词一眼可见。 用颜色区分术语，方便记忆抓住重点。
- 错题循环。 答错的卡片会回来，直到每一张都真正掌握。
问题点击翻面
髓鞘的作用是什么？
答案点击翻回去
它会包裹住轴突，所以信号传得更快。
写出来
规划、写作并改进你的论文。
描述作业要求：篇幅、语气，甚至评分标准。然后在保留你自己风格的前提下完成写作。十种提纲结构、卡住时的第一句，还有一键引用学术来源。
- 经得起检验的引用。 APA、MLA、Chicago、IEEE 等格式，来自真实论文检索，含摘要、页码和来源链接。
- 交给老师前先检查。 粘贴评分标准，系统会按你的 rubric 给出反馈。
- 正确提交。 完成后导出到 Word。
基因编辑的伦理
1110 个单词胚系编辑引发的问题，是体细胞治疗不会产生的，因为这些改变会遗传给之后的每一代。 治疗疾病与选择性状之间的界线，在原则上比在政策上更容易划清1。这条界线两侧都值得同样严格的审视，而政策则由那些不会亲自承受其决定后果的人来制定2
参考文献
- 1.Doudna, Jennifer A. 2020. “The Promise and Challenge of Therapeutic Genome Editing.” Nature 578 (7794): 229-36.
- 2.Baylis, Françoise. 2019. Altered Inheritance: CRISPR and the Ethics of Human Genome Editing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
把它演示出来
把你的课程材料变成幻灯片。
根据你的资料生成最多 20 页幻灯片。你可以编辑文字、调整位置、选择主题，并导出为 PowerPoint。
下载为 PowerPoint 文件
更改每一页的主题
心血管系统
9 页
演示
9 / 9
PPTX心血管系统.pptx9 页 · 可在 PowerPoint 中打开
笔记
学习时随手做手写笔记。
不止学习
规划学习时间，保持专注。
待办与日历
把作业、截止日期和学习时段放在同一个日历里。查看接下来到期的内容。
专注计时器
选择一个学习时段，开始计时，专心学习。到休息时间时会提醒你。
来自真实学生
听他们怎么说。
“我以前用 ChatGPT，但对我来说效果并不好。后来我发现了 Tandral，它彻底改变了游戏规则。”
“说实话，它救了我的命。对我来说就是 10/10，完全没毛病。”
“用了 Tandral 之后，你会没那么焦虑，也更有条理。”
“作为一名护理专业学生，我一直很难管理时间和学习。Tandral 改变了这一点。”
常见问题
可以。添加你的笔记、幻灯片或阅读材料。Tandral 会使用你选定的材料来创建学习资源。
是的。Tandral 不会替你完成任务。它会通过讲解、练习和反馈来帮助你自己完成学习，并更好地理解所学内容。
够。你可以先用免费的学习额度，结合自己的材料试用这些工具。无需信用卡。
代币用于创建学习资源和使用交互工具。你可以购买更多代币，或更换方案。购买的代币不会过期。你可以随时取消订阅。
可以。直接告诉 Tandral 你想学的主题，它会据此生成课程、闪卡、测验等内容，帮助你学习。
可以。在手机、平板或电脑上使用 Tandral 应用或网页版。你可以从 18 种语言中选择，并用自己的课程资料学习。